Water Content¶
Karl Fischer Moisture Analysis¶
Principle¶
Karl Fischer titration measures water content by coulometric or volumetric titration. For peptides, coulometric KF is preferred due to small sample size and low water content.
Method¶
- Sample size: 5–20 mg
- Method: Coulometric Karl Fischer
- Solvent: Hydranal or equivalent
- Detection: Amperometric endpoint
What Are Water Content Acceptance Criteria?¶
| Grade | Water Content |
|---|---|
| Research | ≤5% |
| Purified | ≤5% |
| GMP | ≤5% (target <2%) |
| Lyophilized | ≤3% |
Why Water Matters¶
- Stability: High moisture accelerates degradation
- Content calculation: Must be subtracted for net peptide content
-
Microbial growth: >10% moisture can support growth
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Karl Fischer Moisture Analysis — Review the section above for key parameters, methods, and quality criteria.
- What Are Water Content Acceptance Criteria? — See the section for detailed parameters and specifications.
- Why Water Matters — See the section for detailed parameters and specifications.
Key Takeaways¶
- Karl Fischer Moisture Analysis — Review the section above for key parameters, methods, and quality criteria.
- What Are Water Content Acceptance Criteria? — See the section above for detailed parameters and specifications.
- Why Water Matters — See the section above for detailed parameters and specifications.
🔗 Related: Peptide Content | Residual Solvents | Lyophilization